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January 31

Chinese School - Liu pulls out of men's 110m hurdles first round



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Liu pulls out of men's 110m hurdles first round

( 2008-08-19 )

Liu Xiang of China warms up before the start of his 110m hurdles heat of the athletics competition in the National Stadium at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games August 18, 2008. Liu failed to start his 110 metres hurdles first-round heat on Monday.

China's Xiang Liu retires from the first round of the men's 110m hurdles at the "Bird's Nest" National Stadium during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on August 18, 2008.

Liu Xiang of China grimaces in pain during his warm-up before the start of his 110m hurdles heat of the athletics competition in the National Stadium at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games August 18, 2008.

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January 24

Learn Chinese online - Ancient Chinese Military Civilization



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Ancient Chinese Military Civilization

( 2008-08-13 )

Many historical materials indicate that gunpowder first appeared before theTang Dynasty(618-907). From 300 to 650AD several recipes were written about inflammable mixtures. Some historians date the invention of gunpowder at 850AD when a Taoist book warned of three specific elixir formulas as too
dangerous to experiment.

The military applications of gunpowder began in the Tang Dynasty. Explosive bombs filled with gunpowder and fired from catapults were used in wars. During the Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368), the military applications of gunpowder became common and some other weapons like "fire cannon",
"rocket", "missile" and "fireball" were introduced.

In theYuan Dynasty(1279-1368), the method of powder-making was introduced to the Arab world and Europe, bringing a series of revolutions to weapon manufacturing, as well as to stratagem and tactics on the battlefield. From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries, and
by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.

Crossbow

The use of the bow and arrow for hunting and for war dates back to the Paleolithic period in Africa, Asia, and Europe. It was widely used in ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, the Americas, and Europe until the introduction ofgunpowder. However, over two thousand years ago in China, the crossbow
was invented as an innovation to the basic longbow that extended the use of mechanical hand-held weapons throughout the world and which revolutionized warfare.

A crossbow is a bow set horizontally on a stock. When the shooter releases a mechanism, the crossbow fires arrows or bolts propelled by the mechanical energy of previously taut bowstring. In ancient times, it could be more powerful than the ordinary bow and could fire multiple arrows, darts, or
stones (nowadays the crossbow is definitely much stronger than the ordinary bow). Some designs were slower to fire than the longbow while others were small and useful for close combat.

Chinese literary records (such as The Romance of Wu and Yue) place the invention of the crossbow in China during theWarring States Period(475-221BC) in the kingdom of Chu about 500 BC. However, many contemporary writers, such as for example Yang Hong and Zhu Fenghan, contend the that the often
cited inventor improved upon a trigger mechanism, and that the crossbow may have existed from the seventh century BC or even much earlier. Some archeological evidence indicates that the crossbow was developed in China during the Copper Age around 2000 BC.

In Europe, crossbow-type artillery pieces were known to the ancient Greeks and were used in 397 BC at Syracuse (modern-day Sicily). Carthaginians in the second century BCE used a hand-held crossbow called the scorpion, as it is told in Derry and Williams: A Short History of Technology that 2,000
of these weapons were handed over to the Romans after the fall of Carthage (present-day North African country of Tunisia). Later, with the decline of Rome, the crossbow fell into disuse before reappearing again in Europe in the tenth century.

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January 14

Chinese School - Folk art lights up the Beijing Olympics



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Folk art lights up the Beijing Olympics

( 2008-08-05 )

On August 2, on the second floor of building A in the 2008 International Media Center, 10 Chinese folk artists brought their handicrafts to an exhibition hall. Their unique Chinese folk art show attracted many Chinese and foreign reporters alike.

One of the folk artists, Sun Lingmin, white-haired with age, undoubtedly received the most attention from foreign reporters. His kites, made in all different sizes, were displayed on the 34 square meter stage. Sun Lingmin patiently explained that "best wishes and blessings" are a longstanding
Chinese tradition, and kite designs are themed on folk sayings, folk tales, and historical quotes. Through metaphors, double meanings, symbolism, and onomatopoeia, they express people's wish for a good life.

Sun Lingmin explained the kites as he gave demonstrations. "The process of making kites is very complicated. It includes cutting and binding bamboo, applying adhesive, putting on a protective coat, dyeing it, and more. Chinese culture is so broad and deep that it is hard for one to absorb it all."
A foreign journalist who was taking a photo gave a sigh.

An energetic and outgoing woman, Liu Ren was surrounded by reporters as she displayed her paper cuttings. Liu Yang, a volunteer from Capital Normal University, became Liu Ren's new "disciple" that day. "How is it learning with a master " a reporter asked. Liu Yang replied in embarrassment, "It
looks easy, but it's really hard to do! The only thing I can make is an apple."

Wearing a pink Chinese style top, Liu Ren warmly invited every reporter looking at her paper cuttings to visit her paper-cut museum in a hutong near Xinwenhua Jie at Xidan. "This is Beijing's first privately run paper-cut museum," she said proudly. In the past 9 years, this unique museum has
already received visitors from all over China and more than 30 countries and regions. It has become a window displaying the Chinese folk art of paper cutting. Liu Ren has already tried to use paper-cuts to depict athletic competitions at the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing. She hopes that through
the Olympics, more people from other countries will come to appreciate Chinese folk art.

Yu Guangjun uses magnolias, cicada shells, and other materials to create monkeys, earning him round after round of applause from his audience. He explained the history of his craft: "These monkeys were made by a clerk working in an herbal medicine shop in Beijing, but he didn't intend them to be
anything special. When the shopkeeper saw, he thought the clerk's creations were very intriguing, and moreover they combined four types of Chinese medicine, so he sold them as products. Thus, these monkeys became a type of folk art tradition." They were popular toys in the history of old Beijing,
but they almost disappeared for a considerable period of time. "We are explaining this craft here so that it will not be buried under modern day toys that flash and make sounds," Yu Guangjun said.

One of Yu's creations called "It's the New Year!" drew much attention. In it, ten monkeys are carrying water and firewood or cleaning the house, preparing to celebrate the New Year.

"How long does it take to make one of these " a journalist from Turkey asked in amazement.

"One month," Yu Guangjun replied.

Editor: Liu Fang

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January 13

Free Chinese Lesson - 1,800-Year-Old Military Relics on Display



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Exchange>Exhibition

1,800-Year-Old Military Relics on Display

Royal swords from 1800 years ago, along with ancient bamboo shards inscribed with texts from The Art of War,are on show at Beijing's Military Museum.

The sword was the personal weapon of the Yue Dynasty Emperor, Goujian, 1,800 years ago.

One of the most arresting exhibits is this sword. It was the personal weapon of the Yue Dynasty Emperor, Goujian, 1,800 years ago.

It remains a mystery how the rhombic patterns, the embedded color-glaze and the concentric circles were inscribed onto the sword. The question remains a subject of debate even today.

Three other royal swords are on display. They represent the acme of ancient Chinese foundry. The swords are on loan from museums in east China's Zhejiang and Anhui provinces.

This unassuming case houses the most prized exhibit. It's a military map from the Western Han Dynasty, dating back to 200 BC. It's the first time the map has been publicly displayed.

The sword was the personal weapon of the Yue Dynasty Emperor, Goujian, 1,800 years ago.

The 20 bamboo shards of the Art of War are stored in a protective liquid in glass tubes. The Art of War is a Chinese military treatise written by Sun Zi, during the 6th Century BC. Behind the glass, spectators are able to read the precise words of the Chinese classic. The bamboo shards were
unearthed at Yinque Mountain more than 30 years ago.

In all, there are 180 exhibits from 19 museums in the show. Half of those exhibits have never been shown to the public before.

Editor: Feng Hui

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January 12

Learn Mandarin online - Shandong folk art greets Olympics



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Shandong folk art greets Olympics

( 2008-07-17 )

Olympic fever has spread to Gaomi city, the renowned birthplace of Shandong folk handicrafts. Local artists from this area of eastern China are sending best wishes to the Beijing Olympic Games through their latest works.

Clay sculptor Li Xiuzhen has just finished 50 sets of clay figurines. Her subjects are the Olympic mascots, the five Fuwa. With her innovative designs and ingenious carving, those mascots are given some pure and even vital spirit.

And the works depicting the Fuwa competing in sports, bring together the ideals of artistry and sports.

The middle aged woman with simple and earnest face is Qi Xiuhua. She's a paper cutting artist who was born in Gaomi. She won her reputation at national and international cultural events for her exceptional technique.

Qi started planing her Olympic greetings at the end of last year. Besides the five mascots, she also incorporated the 28 events of the Beijing Olympics into her creations.

Ediror: Liu Fang

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